Articles in this section

See more

 How to upgrade MySQL 5.5 to 5.6/5.7 or MariaDB 5.5 to 10.x on Linux?

Avatar
Julian Bonpland Mignaquy
Updated
Follow
kb: how-to Plesk for Linux ABT: Group B

Applicable to:

  • Plesk for Linux

Question

How to upgrade MySQL 5.5 to 5.6/5.7 or MariaDB 5.5 to 10.X on Linux?

Answer

This article provides instructions for upgrading MySQL 5.5 to 5.6/5.7 and MariaDB 5.5 to 10.0/10.1/10.2/10.3/10.4/10.5/10.6 on Linux.

Note: Upgrade can be performed in a command-line interface with the instructions below at your own risk. This task is supposed to be performed by a system administrator.
If you are not familiar with Linux system administering and would like our professionals to handle this task on your behalf, contact Professional Services team at https://www.plesk.com/professional-services/.

To find out your Linux distribution, run:

# plesk version | grep "OS version"

Or:

# cat /etc/*-release

Warning: MariaDB 10.11 is supported starting from Plesk Obsidian 18.0.52. MariaDB 10.4 and later versions are supported starting from Plesk Obsidian 18.0.30. Previous versions (Onyx and older) do not support MariaDB starting from 10.3 and there are no plans to implement it currently.

Warning:
Direct upgrade from MySQL 5.1 to MySQL 5.6/5.7 will break tables structure. The instructions for upgrading MySQL from 5.1 to 5.5 on Linux are available here: How to upgrade MySQL from 5.1 to 5.5 on Linux

Warning:
Direct upgrade from MariaDB 5.5 or 5.7 to MariaDB 10.6 or later versions is not possible.
You should first upgrade MariaDB 5.5. or 5.7 to any MariaDB from 10.3 to 10.5, and then perform an update to MariaDB 10.6 or later


It is strongly recommended to create a server snapshot (full backup) before upgrading. Perform MySQL upgrade at your own risk.

Before starting a MySQL upgrade, stop the WatchDog service if it is used on a server. Check its status with the service watchdog status command.

Note: MySQL will not be upgraded on CentOS/RHEL-based operating systems if it was installed from the Webtatic Yum repository:

# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql55w-server-5.5.57-1.w6.x86_64

To start an upgrade of MySQL/MariaDB, connect to a server via SSH as root/superuser and follow the instructions for your operating system:

Plesk on CentOS 8/AlmaLinux 8

By default, CentOS 8 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

  3. Remove additional package conflicting with 10.4 version:

    # yum remove mariadb-gssapi-server

  4. For security reasons, copy the database directory in a separate folder:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  5. Configure MariaDB repository: open the Setting MariaDB repositories page, select your OS distro (for AlmaLinux 8 use RHEL 8), release, and desired MariaDB version. Once done, the configuration that should be added to the /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo file will appear.

    Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and later versions are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

    Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

    5.1. Open/create the MariaDB.repo file in any text editor. In this example, we are using the vi editor:

    # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

    5.2. Add the content below to the file:

    [mariadb]
    name = MariaDB
    baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos8-amd64
    gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
    gpgcheck=1
    priority=1
    module_hotfixes=1

    The configuration item module_hotfixes=1 is a workaround for what MariaDB told is a dnf bug. See MDEV-20673 for more details

    5.3. Save the changes and close the file.

  6. Reset all the cache:

    # yum clean all

  7. Start an upgrade of MariaDB to 10.4:

    # yum install MariaDB-server galera-4 MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared MariaDB-backup MariaDB-common

  8. In case upgrading to MariaDB 10.6 or newer it is needed to adjust the my.cnf configuration file to match the new requirements:

    # sed -i 's/bind-address = ::ffff:127.0.0.1/bind-address = 127.0.0.1/g' /etc/my.cnf

  9. Once the upgrade is finished, start MariaDB:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

  10. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  11. Restart mariadb service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

  12. Execute this command to update the package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

  13. Restore SeLinux context:

    # restorecon -v /var/lib/mysql/*

Plesk on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7

By default, CentOS 7 is shipped with MariaDB 5.5. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5-5.7.

Automatic method

Note: The script below is applicable only for upgrading default MariaDB 5.5 to the MariaDB 10.5 version, for other cases apply the steps from the Manual Method section. Make sure Obsidian 18.0.30 or later is installed on the server.

  1. Download the attached script and provide it with executable rights:

    # wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plesk/kb-scripts/master/c7-mariadb-10-5-upgrade/c7-mariadb-10-5-upgrade.sh && chmod +x c7-mariadb-10-5-upgrade.sh

  2. Execute the script via CLI:

    # ./c7-mariadb-10-5-upgrade.sh

Manual Method

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /root/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

  3. Remove additional mariadb-bench package if installed:

    # rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-bench

  4. For security reasons, copy the database directory in a separate folder:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  5. Check if the mariadb-server package is already installed:

    # rpm -q --whatprovides mariadb-server

    If it is installed and the command above gives output, remove using the following command:

    # rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -q --whatprovides mariadb-server`

  6. Configure MariaDB repository:

    Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and later versions are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

    Here is an example for MariaDB 10.5:

    6.1. The following command adds the MariaDB 10.5 repository:

    # curl -LsS https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=10.5

    Note: Make sure that other MariaDB repositories are not enabled in /etc/yum.repos.d/.

  7. Reset all the cache:

    # yum clean all

  8. Start an upgrade of MariaDB:

    # yum install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server MariaDB-compat MariaDB-shared

  9. In case upgrading to MariaDB 10.6 or newer it is needed to adjust the my.cnf configuration file to match the new requirements:

    # sed -i 's/bind-address = ::ffff:127.0.0.1/bind-address = 127.0.0.1/g' /etc/my.cnf

  10. start MariaDB:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

    OR

    # systemctl restart mysql

  11. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  12. Restart mysql service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

    OR

    # systemctl restart mysql

  13. Execute this command to update the package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Note: After an upgrade, there may appear 'mysql' init script. It should be removed to avoid conflicts with MariaDB service. The same commands can be used to fix already existing conflict:

# systemctl stop mysql; killall mysqld # to stop the incorrect service if it is started
# rm -f /etc/init.d/mysql && systemctl daemon-reload # to remove the incorrect service script and reload systemctl configuration
# systemctl start mariadb # to start MariaDB if not started
# systemctl enable mariadb # to make sure that MariaDB will start after the server reboot automatically

Plesk on CloudLinux

  1. Create a backup of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /root/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop the MySQL service:

    # service mysqld stop

  3. Copy a databases directory in a separate folder like this (for backup purposes also):

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  4. In case bind-address directive is present in /etc/my.cnf make sure that it is as follows :

    # bind-address = 127.0.0.1

  5. Start the MySQL service:

    # service mysqld start

  6. Select MySQL/MariaDB version to install:

    Note: The following command does not work if governor-mysql package is not installed. In such case, install it:
    # yum install governor-mysql

    # /usr/share/lve/dbgovernor/mysqlgovernor.py --mysql-version=XXXXX

    Note: Where 'XXXXX' has to be substituted with one of the following:
    mariadb100 for MariaDB v10.0
    mariadb101 for MariaDB v10.1
    mariadb102 for MariaDB v10.2
    mariadb103 for MariaDB v10.3
    mariadb104 for MariaDB v10.4
    mariadb105 for MariaDB v10.5
    mariadb106 for MariaDB v10.6
    mysql55 for MySQL v5.5
    mysql56 for MySQL v5.6
    mysql57 for MySQL v5.7

  7. Install selected previously MariaDB engine:

    # /usr/share/lve/dbgovernor/mysqlgovernor.py --install

    Warning: CloudLinux does not recommend to downgrade from MySQL v5.6, MariaDB 10.x

  8. Restart MySQL:

    # service mysql restart

  9. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  10. Restart MySQL:

    # service mysql restart

  11. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Debian 9

Debian 9 is basically shipped with MariaDB. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5/5.6/5.7

  1. Backup all existing databases using the KB article How to backup/restore a Plesk database dump and follow instructions on MariaDB site to update it:

Example for MariaDB 10.2

  1. Install MariaDB:

    1.1. Stop the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb stop

    # curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=mariadb-10.2

    # apt install mariadb-server-10.2

    If the installation fails with unmet dependencies:

    CONFIG_TEXT: dpkg: mariadb-server-10.1: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
    plesk-mysql-server depends on virtual-mysql-server | mysql-server; however:
    Package virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
    Package mariadb-server-10.1 which provides virtual-mysql-server is to be removed.
    Package mariadb-server-10.2 which provides virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
    Package mysql-server is not installed.
    <...>
    The following packages have unmet dependencies:
    mariadb-server-10.2 : Depends: mariadb-client-10.2 (>= 10.2.19+maria~stretch) but it is not going to be installed
    Depends: mariadb-server-core-10.2 (>= 10.2.19+maria~stretch) but it is not going to be installed

    Run the command below to correct them:

    # apt --fix-broken install

  2. Check MySQL version:

    # mysql -V
    mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2

  3. Start the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb start

    Note: It may be already started

  4. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  5. Restart mysql service:

    # service mariadb restart

  6. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Debian 10/Debian 11

By default, Debian 10 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /root/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and later versions are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

  1. Install repositories:

    # apt-get install software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https

    # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

    # curl -LsS https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=10.4

     

  2. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  3. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a 'root' user password:

    # apt-get update

    # apt-get install mariadb-server

    If the installation fails with unmet dependencies:

    CONFIG_TEXT: plesk-mysql-server depends on virtual-mysql-server | mysql-server; however:
    Package virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
    Package mariadb-server-10.3 which provides virtual-mysql-server is to be removed.
    Package mysql-server is not installed.
    [...]
    dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.4_1%3a10.4.14+maria~buster_amd64.deb (--unpack):
    trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/my_print_defaults', which is also in package mariadb-server-core-10.3 1:10.3.22-0+deb10u1
    dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
    Errors were encountered while processing:
    /var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.4_1%3a10.4.14+maria~buster_amd64.deb
    E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

    OR

    CONFIG_TEXT: The following packages have unmet dependencies:
    mariadb-server : Depends: mariadb-server-10.4 (>= 1:10.4.14+maria~buster) but it is not going to be installed
    plesk-mysql-server : PreDepends: virtual-mysql-server or
    mysql-server but it is not installable
    Depends: virtual-mysql-server or
    mysql-server but it is not installable

    Run the command below to correct them:

    # apt --fix-broken install

  4. Adjust the my.cnf configuration file to match the new requirements:

    # sed -i 's/bind-address = ::ffff:127.0.0.1/bind-address = 127.0.0.1/g' /etc/mysql/my.cnf

  5. Start the MariaDB service:

    # systemctl start mariadb.service

  6. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  7. Restart mysql service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

  8. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Ubuntu 18.04

Ubuntu 18.04 is shipped with MariaDB 10.1. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5-5.7. In order to upgrade MariaDB 10.1 to MariaDB 10.x, follow these steps:

  1. Create a backup of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.2:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and later versions are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

  1. Install repositories:

    # apt-get install software-properties-common

    # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

    # curl -LsS https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=10.2

  2. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  3. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a root user password:

    # apt-get update

    # apt-get install mariadb-server

  4. Start the MariaDB service:

    # systemctl start mariadb

  5. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  6. Restart mysql service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

  7. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Ubuntu 20.04/Ubuntu 22.04

By default, Ubuntu 20.04 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3 and Ubuntu 22.04 with MariaDB 10.6.

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and later versions are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

  1. Install repositories:

    # apt-get install software-properties-common

    # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

    # curl -LsS https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=10.4

  2. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  3. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a 'root' user password:

    # apt-get update

    # apt-get install mariadb-server

  4. Adjust the my.cnf configuration file to match the new requirements:

    # sed -i 's/bind-address = ::ffff:127.0.0.1/bind-address = 127.0.0.1/g' /etc/mysql/my.cnf

  5. Start the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb start

  6. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  7. Restart mysql service:

    # service mariadb restart

  8. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

More information available in MySQL documentation at http://dev.mysql.com/.

Comments

12 comments

Sort by Date Votes
  • Avatar
    Wyk Parish (Edited )

    On Plesk Version 18.0.49 Update #2, Ubuntu 18.04, and upgrading MariaDB from 10.1 to 10.6.1.  The instructions here didn't work for me as is. Here are the changes in hopes it will help others in my scenario:

    1. In Step 1, I had to be the root user (ie. "sudo -s").  Otherwise I would get a "Permission denied" error trying to access the password file.
    2. In Step 6, the mariadb-server wouldn't restart with the error mentioned in this article.  However, the "/etc/my.cnf" file mentioned in that article did not exist on my system. Instead I made the edit to the "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" file  (ie. changing the line "bind-address = ::ffff:127.0.0.1" to "bind-address = 127.0.0.1"). Then restarting the mariadb-server succeeded and the rest of the instructions seemed to go as planned.
    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    HaiSoft User

    According to Plesk Changelog, MariaDB 10.11 is supported since Plesk Obsidian 18.0.52, right ?

    1
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Kelvin Oliveira

    Is there any procedure like this but for Windows?

    1
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Julian Bonpland Mignaquy

    HI Kelvin Oliveira, not exactly the same but you can go for this https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/12388974493975-How-to-upgrade-MySQL-5-1-to-MySQL-5-7-in-Plesk-Obsidian-for-Windows-

     

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Sam Hawkins

    Has anybody got any steps for AlmaLinux?

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Julian Bonpland Mignaquy

    Sam Hawkins Hi!

    Please go for Plesk on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Andy Morgan (Edited )

    Hi Julian, we're using Plesk Obsidian v18.0.54 on CentOS 7, and the current MySQL version is MariaDB 5.5.68 

    only for upgrading default MariaDB 5.5 to the MariaDB 10.5 version

    Since I cannot afford to mess anything up, I want to be crystal clear what you mean by "default" 5.5. Is this only 5.5.0? Would our 5.5.68 qualify for the Automatic Method above, or is Manual mode necessary? What's the likelihood of this failing and what would one do at that point? Reinstall 5.5.68 manually and import from backup?

    Thanks. I think twice before running significant command lines that could cost me many hours of precious time.

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Julian Bonpland Mignaquy

    Please go for the Manual Method, in case you hit any error you will know where it is.

    Since you are running 5.5 first upgrade to 10.5 and then repeat the procedure to 10.6 if you wish.

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Dimitrios Matsoukas

    there were many many useful comments on this article over the years but disappeared

    Could you bring back?

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Joe Berry

    We had a bit of an issue on Ubuntu 18.04:

    root@x:~# curl -LsS https://r.mariadb.com/downloads/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=10.4
    # [info] Checking for script prerequisites.
    # [warning] Found existing file at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list. Moving to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list.old_6
    # [info] MariaDB Server version 10.4 is valid
    # [info] Repository file successfully written to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list
    # [info] Adding trusted package signing keys...
    # [info] Running apt-get update...
    E: The repository 'https://dlm.mariadb.com/repo/maxscale/latest/apt bionic Release' does not have a Release file.
    # [error] Failed to add trusted package signing keys

     

    To fix this, we updated the repository file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mariadb.list with an updated download URL for MariaDB, from their website https://mariadb.org/download/?t=repo-config. From this link, you will also be able to choose a version of MariaDB which is currently available to download, as 10.2 is no longer available even though it is specified in this article.

    # MariaDB 10.4 repository list - created 2023-08-30 13:03 UTC
    # https://mariadb.org/download/
    # deb.mariadb.org is a dynamic mirror if your preferred mirror goes offline. See https://mariadb.org/mirrorbits/ for details.
    # deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.pgp] https://deb.mariadb.org/10.4/ubuntu bionic main
    deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.pgp] https://mariadb.gb.ssimn.org/repo/10.4/ubuntu bionic main
    # deb-src [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/mariadb-keyring.pgp] https://mariadb.gb.ssimn.org/repo/10.4/ubuntu bionic main

    Note that by copying this you will be using a UK Mirror Server to download the distribution. 

    Then running apt-get update and apt-get install mariadb-server should work. 

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Unnamed User

    Hai, i need tutorial for Almalinux 8.8 

    0
    Comment actions Permalink
  • Avatar
    Julian Bonpland Mignaquy

    Hi Unnamed User, i used the instructions for Centos 8. I have updated the title with Almalinux 8. As for step 5 you can select the OS RHEL 8. (Almalinux is based on RHEL 8)

     

    0
    Comment actions Permalink

Please sign in to leave a comment.

Have more questions? Submit a request

Related articles