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 How to upgrade MySQL 5.5 to 5.6/5.7 or MariaDB 5.5 to 10.x on Linux?

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Anastasia Zyrianova
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Plesk for Linux kb: how-to ABT: Group B

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Question

How to upgrade MySQL 5.5 to 5.6/5.7 or MariaDB 5.5 to 10.X on Linux?

Answer

This article provides instructions for upgrading MySQL 5.5 to 5.6/5.7 and MariaDB 5.5 to 10.0/10.1/10.2/10.3/10.4/10.5 on Linux.

Note: Upgrade can be performed in a command-line interface with the instructions below at your own risk. This task is supposed to be performed by a system administrator.
If you are not familiar with Linux system administering and would like our professionals to handle this task on your behalf, contact Professional Services team at https://www.plesk.com/professional-services/.

To find out your Linux distribution, run:

# plesk version | grep "OS version"

Or:

# cat /etc/*-release

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported starting from Plesk Obsidian 18.0.30. Previous versions (Onyx and older) do not support MariaDB starting from 10.3 and there are no plans to implement it currently.

Warnings:
Direct upgrade from MySQL 5.1 to MySQL 5.6/5.7 will break tables structure. The instructions for upgrading MySQL from 5.1 to 5.5 on Linux are available here: How to upgrade MySQL from 5.1 to 5.5 on Linux

It is strongly recommended to create a server snapshot (full backup) before upgrading. Perform MySQL upgrade at your own risk.

Before starting a MySQL upgrade, stop the WatchDog service if it is used on a server. Check its status with the service watchdog status command.

Note: MySQL will not be upgraded on CentOS/RHEL-based operating systems if it was installed from the Webtatic Yum repository:

# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql55w-server-5.5.57-1.w6.x86_64

To start an upgrade of MySQL/MariaDB, connect to a server via SSH as root/superuser and follow the instructions for your operating system:

Plesk on CentOS 8

By default, CentOS 8 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

  3. Remove additional package conflicting with 10.4 version:

    # yum remove mariadb-gssapi-server

  4. For security reasons, copy the database directory in a separate folder:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  5. Configure MariaDB repository: open the Setting MariaDB repositories page, select your OS distro, release, and desired MariaDB version. Once done, the configuration that should be added to the /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo file will appear.

    Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

    Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

    5.1. Open/create the MariaDB.repo file in any text editor. In this example, we are using the vi editor:

    # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

    5.2. Add the content below to the file:

    [mariadb]
    name = MariaDB
    baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos8-amd64
    gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
    gpgcheck=1
    priority=1
    module_hotfixes=1

    The configuration item module_hotfixes=1 is a workaround for what MariaDB told is a dnf bug. See MDEV-20673 for more details

    5.3. Save the changes and close the file.

  6. Reset all the cache:

    # yum clean all

  7. Start an upgrade of MariaDB to 10.4:

    # yum install MariaDB-server galera-4 MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared MariaDB-backup MariaDB-common

  8. Once the upgrade is finished, start MariaDB:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

  9. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  10. Restart mariadb service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

  11. Execute this command to update the package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

  12. Restore SeLinux context:

    # restorecon -v /var/lib/mysql/*

Plesk on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7

By default, CentOS 7 is shipped with MariaDB 5.5. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5-5.7.

Automatic method

Note: The script below is applicable only for upgrading default MariaDB 5.5 to the latest MariaDB version, for other cases apply the steps from the Manual Method section. Make sure Obsidian 18.0.30 or later is installed on the server.

  1. Download the attached script and provide it with executable rights:

    # wget https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/4584125667858/c7-mariadb-10.5-upgrade.sh && chmod +x c7-mariadb-10.5-upgrade.sh

  2. Execute the script via CLI:

    # ./c7-mariadb-10.5-upgrade.sh

Manual Method

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

  3. Remove additional mariadb-bench package if installed:

    # rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-bench

  4. For security reasons, copy the database directory in a separate folder:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  5. Check if the mysql-server package is already installed:

    # rpm -q --whatprovides mysql-server

    If it is installed and the command above gives output, remove using the following command:

    # rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -q --whatprovides mysql-server`

  6. Configure MariaDB repository: open the Setting MariaDB repositories page, select your OS distro, release, and desired MariaDB version. Once done, the configuration that should be added to the /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo file will appear.

    Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

    Here is an example for MariaDB 10.5:

    6.1. Open/create the MariaDB.repo file in any text editor. In this example, we are using the vi editor:

    # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

    6.2. Add the content below to the file:

    CONFIG_TEXT: [mariadb]
    name = MariaDB
    baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64
    gpgkey = https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
    gpgcheck=1

    6.3. Save the changes and close the file.

  7. Reset all the cache:

    # yum clean all

  8. Start an upgrade of MariaDB:

    # yum install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server MariaDB-compat MariaDB-shared

  9. Once the upgrade is finished, start MariaDB:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

    OR

    # systemctl restart mysql

  10. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  11. Restart mysql service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

    OR

    # systemctl restart mysql

  12. Execute this command to update the package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Note: After an upgrade, there may appear 'mysql' init script. It should be removed to avoid conflicts with MariaDB service. The same commands can be used to fix already existing conflict:

# systemctl stop mysql; killall mysqld # to stop the incorrect service if it is started
# rm /etc/init.d/mysql && systemctl daemon-reload # to remove the incorrect service script and reload systemctl configuration
# systemctl start mariadb # to start MariaDB if not started
# systemctl enable mariadb # to make sure that MariaDB will start after the server reboot automatically

Plesk on CloudLinux

  1. Create a backup of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop the MySQL service:

    # service mysqld stop

  3. Copy a databases directory in a separate folder like this (for backup purposes also):

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  4. Start the MySQL service:

    # service mysqld start

  5. Ensure that [mysqlclient] repository is enabled in
    /etc/yum.repos.d/cl-mysql.repo and the below command displays similar output:

    # yum repolist enabled | grep mysqlclient
    Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
    mysqclient/7/x86_64 mysqlclient 7

  6. Select MySQL/MariaDB version to install:

    Note: The following command does not work if governor-mysql package is not installed. In such case, install it:
    # yum install governor-mysql

    # /usr/share/lve/dbgovernor/mysqlgovernor.py --mysql-version=XXXXX

    Note: Where 'XXXXX' has to be substituted with one of the following:
    mariadb100 for MariaDB v10.0
    mariadb101 for MariaDB v10.1
    mariadb102 for MariaDB v10.2
    mariadb103 for MariaDB v10.3
    mariadb104 for MariaDB v10.4
    mariadb105 for MariaDB v10.5
    mysql55 for MySQL v5.5
    mysql56 for MySQL v5.6
    mysql57 for MySQL v5.7

  7. Install selected previously MariaDB engine:

    # /usr/share/lve/dbgovernor/mysqlgovernor.py --install

    Warning: CloudLinux does not recommend to downgrade from MySQL v5.6, MariaDB 10.x

  8. Restart MySQL:

    # service mysql restart

  9. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  10. Restart MySQL:

    # service mysql restart

  11. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Debian 9

Debian 9 is basically shipped with MariaDB. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5/5.6/5.7

  1. Backup all existing databases using the KB article How to backup/restore a Plesk database dump and follow instructions on MariaDB site to update it:

Example for MariaDB 10.2

  1. Install MariaDB:

    1.1. Stop the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb stop

    # curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=mariadb-10.2

    # apt install mariadb-server-10.2

    If the installation fails with unmet dependencies:

    CONFIG_TEXT: dpkg: mariadb-server-10.1: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
    plesk-mysql-server depends on virtual-mysql-server | mysql-server; however:
    Package virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
    Package mariadb-server-10.1 which provides virtual-mysql-server is to be removed.
    Package mariadb-server-10.2 which provides virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
    Package mysql-server is not installed.
    <...>
    The following packages have unmet dependencies:
    mariadb-server-10.2 : Depends: mariadb-client-10.2 (>= 10.2.19+maria~stretch) but it is not going to be installed
    Depends: mariadb-server-core-10.2 (>= 10.2.19+maria~stretch) but it is not going to be installed

    Run the command below to correct them:

    # apt --fix-broken install

  2. Check MySQL version:

    # mysql -V
    mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2

  3. Start the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb start

    Note: It may be already started

  4. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  5. Restart mysql service:

    # service mariadb restart

  6. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Debian 10

By default, Debian 10 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

  1. Install repositories from Setting up MariaDB Repositories page:

    Warning: Check the file "/etc/apt/sources.list" and the files inside directory "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/" and disable (comment with # at the beginning of the line) all MySQL repositories (e.g. MySQL 8 repository) to avoid installation of wrong MySQL versions by mistake.

    # apt-get install software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https

    # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

    # add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] https://mirror.docker.ru/mariadb/repo/10.4/debian buster main'

    For other MariaDB versions replace 10.4 with 10.5 in the repository path.

  2. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  3. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a 'root' user password:

    # apt-get update

    # apt-get install mariadb-server

    If the installation fails with unmet dependencies:

    CONFIG_TEXT: plesk-mysql-server depends on virtual-mysql-server | mysql-server; however:
    Package virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
    Package mariadb-server-10.3 which provides virtual-mysql-server is to be removed.
    Package mysql-server is not installed.
    [...]
    dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.4_1%3a10.4.14+maria~buster_amd64.deb (--unpack):
    trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/my_print_defaults', which is also in package mariadb-server-core-10.3 1:10.3.22-0+deb10u1
    dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
    Errors were encountered while processing:
    /var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.4_1%3a10.4.14+maria~buster_amd64.deb
    E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

    OR

    CONFIG_TEXT: The following packages have unmet dependencies:
    mariadb-server : Depends: mariadb-server-10.4 (>= 1:10.4.14+maria~buster) but it is not going to be installed
    plesk-mysql-server : PreDepends: virtual-mysql-server or
    mysql-server but it is not installable
    Depends: virtual-mysql-server or
    mysql-server but it is not installable

    Run the command below to correct them:

    # apt --fix-broken install

  4. Start the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb start

  5. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  6. Restart mysql service:

    # service mariadb restart

  7. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Ubuntu 18.04

Ubuntu 18.04 is shipped with MariaDB 10.1. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5-5.7. In order to upgrade MariaDB 10.1 to MariaDB 10.x, follow these steps:

  1. Create a backup of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.2:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

  1. Install repositories from Setting up MariaDB Repositories page:

    Warning: Check the file "/etc/apt/sources.list" and the files inside directory "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/" and disable (comment with # at the beginning of the line) all MySQL repositories (e.g. MySQL 8 repository) to avoid installation of wrong MySQL versions by mistake.

    # apt-get install software-properties-common

    # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

    # add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] http://mirror.truenetwork.ru/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu bionic main'

    For other MariaDB versions replace 10.2 with 10.3, etc. in the repository path.

  2. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  3. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a root user password:

    # apt-get update

    # apt-get install mariadb-server

  4. Start the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb start

  5. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  6. Restart mysql service:

    # service mariadb restart

  7. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Plesk on Ubuntu 20.04

By default, Ubuntu 20.04 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

  1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

  2. Stop MariaDB:

    # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

  1. Install repositories from Setting up MariaDB Repositories page:

    Warning: Check the file "/etc/apt/sources.list" and the files inside directory "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/" and disable (comment with # at the beginning of the line) all MySQL repositories (e.g. MySQL 8 repository) to avoid installation of wrong MySQL versions by mistake.

    # apt-get install software-properties-common

    # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

    # add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el,s390x] https://mirror.docker.ru/mariadb/repo/10.4/ubuntu focal main'

    For other MariaDB versions replace 10.4 with 10.5 in the repository path.

  2. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

    # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

  3. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a 'root' user password:

    # apt-get update

    # apt-get install mariadb-server

  4. Adjust the my.cnf configuration file to match the new requirements:

    # sed -i 's/bind-address = ::ffff:127.0.0.1/bind-address = 127.0.0.1/g' /etc/mysql/my.cnf

  5. Start the MariaDB service:

    # service mariadb start

  6. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

  7. Restart mysql service:

    # service mariadb restart

  8. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

More information available in MySQL documentation at http://dev.mysql.com/.

Comments

224 comments

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  • Avatar
    Renan Moreira

    maartenv thanks for notifying us, article will be fixed

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  • Avatar
    Javier Cota

    The upgrade script link is broken for CentOS 7

     

    [root@srvr ~]# wget https://plesk.zendesk.com/hc/article_attachments/360022419980/mariadb-10.5-upgrade.sh && chmod +x mariadb-10.5-upgrade.sh
    --2022-03-08 21:18:39--  https://plesk.zendesk.com/hc/article_attachments/360022419980/mariadb-10.5-upgrade.sh
    Resolving plesk.zendesk.com (plesk.zendesk.com)... 104.16.51.111, 104.16.53.111
    Connecting to plesk.zendesk.com (plesk.zendesk.com)|104.16.51.111|:443... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 404 Not Found
    2022-03-08 21:18:40 ERROR 404: Not Found.

    Can someone please provide the updated link?

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  • Avatar
    Anastasia Zyrianova

    Hello Javier Cota,

    The link was updated. Thank you for bringing it to our attention!

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  • Avatar
    Maximilian Wilke

    I would recommend to add a:

    yum clean all

    to the script to prevent problems with old yum cache.

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  • Avatar
    Anastasia Zyrianova

    Hello Maximilian Wilke,

    Thank you! Both automatic and manual solutions for Centos 7 were updated accordingly.

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  • Avatar
    maartenv

    Can you please update the article and explain how to add MariaDB to the WatchDog service? What are the commands to start MariaDB again using WatchDog?

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  • Avatar
    giuseppe amodio

    Regarding Centos 7 instructions are uncorrect as it's not possibile to install automatically the upgrade as Superuser while it's needed to be root to execute the script.

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  • Avatar
    Anastasia Zyrianova

    Hello giuseppe amodio,

    Thank you for your comment. I've re-tested the script on a test server. It is possible to execute it as Superuser using the 'sudo ./c7-mariadb-10.5-upgrade.sh' command. 
    So the following statement from the article is correct:

    To start an upgrade of MySQL/MariaDB, connect to a server via SSH as root/superuser and follow the instructions for your operating system:

     

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  • Avatar
    Daniel West

    It should be noted that in /etc/yum.conf there is an exclusion by default for MariaDB.

    `exclude=MariaDB*`

    You should comment this out so the yum install will work and then add the exclusion again after.

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  • Avatar
    Anastasia Zyrianova

    Hello Daniel West,

    During the Plesk installation, no excludes are added to the `/etc/yum.conf` configuration file from the Plesk side by default. The '/etc/yum.conf ' file may be modified by the server provider/hosting provider. Still, thank you for noticing. This information can be helpful.

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  • Avatar
    Peter Debik

    If I remember correctly, the "exclude=MariaDB" resulted from a situation where an automatic update updated MariaDB to a version that failed with certain database attributes and was shortly revoked after publication. At that time the advice was to exclude MariaDB from automatic updates (from Yum respectively). So indeed, this is an "extra" user-driven configuration that is not the MariaDB or Yum default.

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  • Avatar
    Carlos Lopez

    Hello,

    What do I need to change to upgrade to 10.6 on CentOs 7?

    Thanks in advance.

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  • Avatar
    Malaka Udawatta

    Tried to upgrade using the Automatic method but MariaDB failed to start after the upgrade. Then followed the following article to fix the corruption.

    https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/213939865-How-to-fix-InnoDB-corruption-cases-for-the-MySQL-databases-on-Plesk-for-Linux-

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  • Avatar
    Anastasia Zyrianova

    Hello Carlos Lopez,

    To update to MariaDB 10.6 on Centos 7 you will need to apply the Manual Solution for Centos 7. In step 6 it will be required to open the Setting MariaDB repositories page, select your OS distro, release, and desired MariaDB version, and place the provided output to the `/etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo` file as per steps 6.1 and 6.2.

     

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