How to upgrade MySQL 5.5 to 5.6/5.7 or MariaDB 5.5 to 10.x on Linux?

By default, CentOS 8 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

2. Stop MariaDB:

   # service mariadb stop

3. Remove additional package conflicting with 10.4 version:

   # yum remove mariadb-gssapi-server

4. For security reasons, copy the database directory in a separate folder:

   # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

5. Configure MariaDB repository: open the Setting MariaDB repositories page, select your OS distro, release, and desired MariaDB version. Once done, the configuration that should be added to the /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo file will appear.

   Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

   Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

   5.1. Open/create the MariaDB.repo file in any text editor. In this example, we are using the vi editor:

   # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

   5.2. Add the content below to the file:

   CONFIG_TEXT: [mariadb]
   name = MariaDB
   baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos8-amd64
   gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
   gpgcheck=1
   priority=1
   module_hotfixes=1

   The configuration item module_hotfixes=1 is a workaround for what MariaDB told is a dnf bug. See MDEV-20673 for more details

   5.3. Save the changes and close the file.

6. Reset all the cache:

   # yum clean all

7. Start an upgrade of MariaDB to 10.4:

   # yum install MariaDB-server galera-4 MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared MariaDB-backup MariaDB-common

8. Once the upgrade is finished, start MariaDB:

   # systemctl restart mariadb

9. Upgrade MySQL databases:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

10. Restart mariadb service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

11. Execute this command to update the package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

12. Restore SeLinux context:

    # restorecon -v /var/lib/mysql/*

By default, CentOS 7 is shipped with MariaDB 5.5. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5-5.7.

1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

2. Stop MariaDB:

   # service mariadb stop

3. Remove additional packages like mariadb-bench:

   # rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-bench

4. For security reasons, copy the database directory in a separate folder:

   # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

5. Check if the mysql-server package is already installed:

   # rpm -q --whatprovides mysql-server

   If it is installed and the command above gives output, remove using the following command:

   # rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -q --whatprovides mysql-server`

6. Configure MariaDB repository: open the Setting MariaDB repositories page, select your OS distro, release, and desired MariaDB version. Once done, the configuration that should be added to the /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo file will appear.

   Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

   Here is an example for MariaDB 10.2:

   6.1. Open/create the MariaDB.repo file in any text editor. In this example, we are using the vi editor:

   # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo

   6.2. Add the content below to the file:

   CONFIG_TEXT: [mariadb]
   name = MariaDB
   baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.2/centos7-amd64
   gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
   gpgcheck=1

   6.3. Save the changes and close the file.

7. Start an upgrade of MariaDB:

   # yum install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server MariaDB-compat MariaDB-shared

8. Once the upgrade is finished, start MariaDB:

   # systemctl restart mariadb

   OR

   # systemctl restart mysql

9. Upgrade MySQL databases:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

10. Restart mysql service:

    # systemctl restart mariadb

    OR

    # systemctl restart mysql

11. Execute this command to update the package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Note: After an upgrade, there may appear 'mysql' init script. It should be removed to avoid conflicts with MariaDB service. The same commands can be used to fix already existing conflict:

# systemctl stop mysql; killall mysqld # to stop the incorrect service if it is started
# rm /etc/init.d/mysql && systemctl daemon-reload # to remove the incorrect service script and reload systemctl configuration
# systemctl start mariadb # to start MariaDB if not started
# systemctl enable mariadb # to make sure that MariaDB will start after the server reboot automatically

1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

   If the command fails with "Cannot load from mysql.proc. The table is probably corrupted", apply the solution from this KB article.

2. Stop MySQL server:

   # service mysqld stop

3. For security reasons, create a backup of all existing databases:

   # cp -a /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql_backup

4. Disable Atomic repository, if it is enabled:

   # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/atomic.repo
   enabled = 0

5. Check for MySQL repo files left from previous installation.

   # ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql*

   If any found, remove them:

   # rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community-source.repo

6. Install the MySQL-community repository:

   # yum install https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el6-1.noarch.rpm

7. Configure MySQL repository:

   7.1. Open the mysql-community.repo file in a text editor. In this example, we are using the vi editor:

   # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo

   7.2. Select a MySQL version. In this example, we are upgrading MySQL to 5.7:

   Warning: Disable MySQL 8.0 repository and exclude mysql-connector-odbc-8 version, as these releases are not supported by Plesk yet. If it is not disabled, yum will install the latest version which will cause major issues.

   CONFIG_TEXT: [mysql56-community]
   enabled=0
   ...
   [mysql57-community]
   enabled=1
   ...
   [mysql80-community]
   enabled=0
   ...
   [mysql-connectors-community]
   exclude=mysql-connector-odbc-8*
   ...

   7.3. Save the changes and close the file.

8. Install MySQL packages:

   # yum update mysql

   If update of mysql package ends with Nothing to do message, make sure that mysql* packages are not added to excludes in yum.conf file and remove it if it is in the list:

   # cat /etc/yum.conf | grep exclude
   exclude=php-common php-cli php mysql* httpd* mod_ssl*

9. Type y if this message appears:

   CONFIG_TEXT: warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
   Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
   Userid : MySQL Release Engineering mysql-build@oss.oracle.com
   Package: mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch (@/mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch)
   From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
   Is this ok [y/N]:

10. Start MySQL server:

    # service mysqld start

    If the service does not start, check the following article: MySQL fails to start: mysql.user table is damaged.

11. Upgrade MySQL databases:

    # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

12. Restart mysql service:

    # service mysqld restart

13. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

1. Create a backup of all databases with the following command:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

2. Stop the MySQL service:

   # service mysqld stop

3. Copy a databases directory in a separate folder like this (for backup purposes also):

   # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

4. Start the MySQL service:

   # service mysqld start

5. Ensure that [mysqlclient] repository is enabled in
   /etc/yum.repos.d/cl-mysql.repo and the below command displays similar output:

   # yum repolist enabled | grep mysqlclient
   Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
   mysqclient/7/x86_64 mysqlclient 7

6. Select MySQL/MariaDB version to install:

   Note: The following command does not work if governor-mysql package is not installed. In such case, install it:
   # yum install governor-mysql

   # /usr/share/lve/dbgovernor/mysqlgovernor.py --mysql-version=XXXXX

   Note: Where 'XXXXX' has to be substituted with one of the following:
   mariadb100 for MariaDB v10.0
   mariadb101 for MariaDB v10.1
   mariadb102 for MariaDB v10.2
   mysql55 for MySQL v5.5
   mysql56 for MySQL v5.6
   mysql57 for MySQL v5.7

7. Install selected previously MariaDB engine:

   # /usr/share/lve/dbgovernor/mysqlgovernor.py --install

   Warning: CloudLinux does not recommend to downgrade from MySQL v5.6, MariaDB 10.x

8. Restart MySQL:

   # service mysql restart

9. Upgrade MySQL databases:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

10. Restart MySQL:

    # service mysql restart

11. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

    # plesk bin service_node --update local
    # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Debian 8 & 9 are basically shipped with MariaDB. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5/5.6/5.7

Backup all existing databases using the KB article How to backup/restore a Plesk database dump and follow instructions on MariaDB site to update it:

• https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/installing-mariadb-deb-files/

Example for MariaDB 10.2

Install MariaDB:

Stop the MariaDB service:

# service mariadb stop

# curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash -s -- --mariadb-server-version=mariadb-10.2

# apt install mariadb-server-10.2

If the installation fails with unmet dependencies:

CONFIG_TEXT: dpkg: mariadb-server-10.1: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:
plesk-mysql-server depends on virtual-mysql-server | mysql-server; however:
Package virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
Package mariadb-server-10.1 which provides virtual-mysql-server is to be removed.
Package mariadb-server-10.2 which provides virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
Package mysql-server is not installed.
<...>
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mariadb-server-10.2 : Depends: mariadb-client-10.2 (>= 10.2.19+maria~stretch) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: mariadb-server-core-10.2 (>= 10.2.19+maria~stretch) but it is not going to be installed

Run the command below to correct them:

# apt --fix-broken install

If the command above fails with the following error:

CONFIG_TEXT: [...]
Preparing to unpack .../mariadb-server-10.0_10.0.32-0+deb8u1_amd64.deb ...
47146
There is a MySQL server running, but we failed in our attempts to stop it.
Stop it yourself and try again!
dpkg: warning: subprocess old pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: trying script from the new package instead ...
47146
There is a MySQL server running, but we failed in our attempts to stop it.
Stop it yourself and try again!
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.0_10.0.32-0+deb8u1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
subprocess new pre-removal script returned error exit status 1
insserv: warning: script 'apf' missing LSB tags and overrides
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.0_10.0.32-0+deb8u1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
[...]

Check this article: Plesk Update failed: There is a MySQL server running, but we failed in our attempts to stop it.

Check MySQL version:

# mysql -V
mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.2.19-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.2

Start the MariaDB service:

# service mariadb start

Note: It may be already started

Upgrade MySQL databases:

# MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

Restart mysql service:

# service mariadb restart

Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

# plesk bin service_node --update local
# plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

By default, Debian 10 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

2. Stop MariaDB:

   # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

3. Install repositories from Setting up MariaDB Repositories page:

   Warning: Check the file "/etc/apt/sources.list" and the files inside directory "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/" and disable (comment with # at the beginning of the line) all MySQL repositories (e.g. MySQL 8 repository) to avoid installation of wrong MySQL versions by mistake.

   # apt-get install software-properties-common dirmngr

   # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

   # add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64] https://mirror.truenetwork.ru/mariadb/repo/10.4/debian buster main'

   For other MariaDB versions replace 10.4 with 10.5 in the repository path.

4. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

   # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

5. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a 'root' user password:

   # apt-get update

   # apt-get install mariadb-server

   If the installation fails with unmet dependencies:

   CONFIG_TEXT: plesk-mysql-server depends on virtual-mysql-server | mysql-server; however:
   Package virtual-mysql-server is not installed.
   Package mariadb-server-10.3 which provides virtual-mysql-server is to be removed.
   Package mysql-server is not installed.
   [...]
   dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.4_1%3a10.4.14+maria~buster_amd64.deb (--unpack):
   trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/my_print_defaults', which is also in package mariadb-server-core-10.3 1:10.3.22-0+deb10u1
   dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
   Errors were encountered while processing:
   /var/cache/apt/archives/mariadb-server-10.4_1%3a10.4.14+maria~buster_amd64.deb
   E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

   OR

   CONFIG_TEXT: The following packages have unmet dependencies:
   mariadb-server : Depends: mariadb-server-10.4 (>= 1:10.4.14+maria~buster) but it is not going to be installed
   plesk-mysql-server : PreDepends: virtual-mysql-server or
   mysql-server but it is not installable
   Depends: virtual-mysql-server or
   mysql-server but it is not installable

   Run the command below to correct them:

   # apt --fix-broken install

6. Start the MariaDB service:

   # service mariadb start

7. Upgrade MySQL databases:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

8. Restart mysql service:

   # service mariadb restart

9. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

   # plesk bin service_node --update local
   # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

Ubuntu 18.04 is shipped with MariaDB 10.1. MariaDB 10.x version is a drop-in replacement for MySQL 5.5-5.7. In order to upgrade MariaDB 10.1 to MariaDB 10.x, follow these steps:

1. Create a backup of all databases with the following command:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

2. Stop the MariaDB service:

   # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.2:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

3. Install repositories from Setting up MariaDB Repositories page:

   Warning: Check the file "/etc/apt/sources.list" and the files inside directory "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/" and disable (comment with # at the beginning of the line) all MySQL repositories (e.g. MySQL 8 repository) to avoid installation of wrong MySQL versions by mistake.

   # apt-get install software-properties-common

   # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

   # add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] http://mirror.truenetwork.ru/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu bionic main'

   For other MariaDB versions replace 10.2 with 10.3, etc. in the repository path.

4. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

   # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

5. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a root user password:

   # apt-get update

   # apt-get install mariadb-server

6. Start the MariaDB service:

   # service mariadb start

7. Upgrade MySQL databases:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

8. Restart mysql service:

   # service mariadb restart

9. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

   # plesk bin service_node --update local
   # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf

By default, Ubuntu 20.04 is shipped with MariaDB 10.3.

1. For security reasons, create a database dump of all databases with the following command:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysqldump -u admin --verbose --all-databases --routines --triggers > /tmp/all-databases.sql

2. Stop MariaDB:

   # service mariadb stop

Here is an example for MariaDB 10.4:

Warning: MariaDB 10.4 and 10.5 are supported since 18.0.30, make sure the latest Plesk version is installed.

3. Install repositories from Setting up MariaDB Repositories page:

   Warning: Check the file "/etc/apt/sources.list" and the files inside directory "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/" and disable (comment with # at the beginning of the line) all MySQL repositories (e.g. MySQL 8 repository) to avoid installation of wrong MySQL versions by mistake.

   # apt-get install software-properties-common

   # apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'

   # add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,arm64,ppc64el] https://mirror.truenetwork.ru/mariadb/repo/10.4/ubuntu focal main'

   For other MariaDB versions replace 10.4 with 10.5 in the repository path.

4. Create a backup of all MySQL data:

   # cp -v -a /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_backup

5. Start an upgrade with the following command. Leave all fields empty when asked for a 'root' user password:

   # apt-get update

   # apt-get install mariadb-server

6. Start the MariaDB service:

   # service mariadb start

7. Upgrade MySQL databases:

   # MYSQL_PWD=`cat /etc/psa/.psa.shadow` mysql_upgrade -uadmin

8. Restart mysql service:

   # service mariadb restart

9. Execute the following commands to update package version inside Plesk:

   # plesk bin service_node --update local
   # plesk sbin packagemng -sdf